The Oasis of Ghibub in Ancient Times

Abstract

The ease of communication between Libya and Egypt, and the lack of natural barriers separating them, gave geographical importance to the Siwa Oasis as a station connecting the Libyan desert and the Nile Valley through the Siwa Oasis. This location had an effective impact on the transfer of civilizational manifestations since the earliest times. The Libyan human being turned to the Nile Valley rather than others through these oases when the climate changed and the Dry Age began; the Siwa Oasis in those eras was an environment with a great impact on communications and the exchange of religious and civilizational beliefs. The civilization that was transferred from the Libyan desert through these oases was an intellectual civilization, experiences and experiments; which contributed to enhancing cultural interaction with its geographical environment, pushing the Libyan human being, carrying his beliefs, ideas and experiences, to start his life on the banks of the Nile Valley with the cultures of the desert.during the historical era, the ancient Libyan human was able to overcome geographical and social distances through commercial contact with Egypt through the Siwa Oasis, especially in the Pharaonic era, where the historian Herodotus mentioned desert routes for caravans through the oases, extending from the Nile Valley to the west, linking the Egyptian and Libyan oases and starting from Thebes in southern Egypt to the Libyan interior where the Augila Oasis appears as a pivot of a network of desert caravan routes. This, in my opinion, helped the desert human being to reuse the ancient commercial caravan routes starting from the Fezzan Oases to the Siwa Oasis, passing through the Siwa Oasis, where many Pharaonic tombs and mummies were found, considering it a settlement site of importance on the trade routes with Siwa and then Thebes. Therefore, the Siwa Oasis is a blend of objective and subjective elements in an integrated historical, social and doctrinal reality with the Egyptian Oases, within the framework of an accumulated historical territorial unity with the Libyan Oases throughout the ancient historical eras.hence, the interest in studying and addressing the history of the Siwa Oasis in ancient times has been activated, as one of the most important forms of civilizational interaction and its impact on neighboring cultures and civilizations