تشاد بين التدخلات الفرنسية والإضطرابات المحلية (1960- 1982م) دراسة تاريخية

Abstract

Timbalbay was inaugurated as President of the Republic of Chad, since then Chad remained in the orbit of French policy because of the agreements signed between them immediately after independence, these agreements included many areas such as foreign policy, defense, education and the economy.This policy faced a general rejection from the Muslim population of the north, who continued their opposition to the regime. Timbalbay faced this opposition violently, so he was imprisoned, killed and expelled, and he became the absolute ruler by 1963 AD. The state of popular rejection continued with the emergence of the Chadian Liberation Front. They carried out the first military attack on the government forces, and Timbalbay government summoned the French forces to Intervene to help them.

The French forces entered the years 1969 - 1971 AD in Chad, to save a threatened regime internally and to revolt militarily. the chaos did not end until the Timbalbay regime was overthrown on April 13, 1975 AD, after Felix Maalouf assumed the presidency, and his authority was confined to the capital and the surrounding areas until In 1979, this period was interspersed with tribal conflicts that led Hussein Habri to became prime minister of Chad in order to reach national reconciliation.

The matter did not last long, and soon a dispute erupted between them, and a war broke out between the north and the south, which resulted control of the Folino revolutionaries led by GicconiUedi over the area (Faya Largo), and as a result, the Chadian authorities sent an call to France for French military intervention. French forces intervened in 1978 AD to support the ruling regime, and to maintain a line of return with the enemies of the regime.

The crisis did not end, as Hussein Habré believed that he was more deserving of the presidency than Gikoni, so the dispute escalated into a war inside the capital on March 31, 1980 AD, which lasted for nine months and ended on December 15, 1980 AD. GikoniUedi’s forces won the war with the help of the Libyan forces of the legitimate president, and Habré withdrew to Sudan to reorganize his forces and resume fighting.

The French position was shrouded in ambiguity about the government of national unity headed by Gikoni. Paris did not accept an authority in N'Djamena in which the Libyans would have influence on it, thus, a French-American agreement was reached to rid Chad of the Gikoni regime, and to transfer Hussein Habré to the rule of Chad. As a result of this, GikoniUedi and his family were indeed smuggled On board French warplanes outside the country, and HisseneHabré became president of Chad on 7/6/1982.