Chemical, Thermal and Electrical Destabilization Methods of Crude Oil Emulsions: A Review

Abdulaziz H.  Mohamed; Abdelmalik M.  Shakorfow

doi:10.64516/f80sx097

Authors

Abdulaziz H. Mohamed Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Tobruk University, Tobruk-Libya Author
Abdelmalik M. Shakorfow The Libyan Centre for Solar Energy Research and Studies, the Libyan Authority for Scientific Research, Tripoli-Libya Author

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.64516/f80sx097

Keywords:

Crude oil, emulsion, stability, coalescence, demulsification

Abstract

In crude oil industry, highly stable water-in-oil (w/o) emulsions are inevitably formed during extraction process due to multiple water and oil contact. These emulsions are stabilized by the indigenous surface active species ubiquitously present in the crude oil. The recovery of crude oil through emulsion breakdown and subsequent separation (demulsification) is of a significant importance in order to avoid costly pumping and cooling of emulsion which enhances emulsion stability. This review paper has discussed chemical, thermal and electrical demulsification techniques demonstrating their theoretical aspects and practical applications highlighting the mechanism(s) by which these methods proceed in the demulsification task. Of these techniques, chemical treatment is not sufficient enough to demulsify w/o emulsions; besides, it is costly. Thermal procedures on their own have been found energy-intensive and might cause loss of valuable light components naturally found in the crude. If coupled with chemical methods in which a chemical demulsifier is used, thermal methods, in which heat is a must, may result in the deterioration of the performance of that demulsifier. Likewise, use of electricity to demulsify w/o emulsions suffers from some obstacles. Unless a costly high voltage is applied, coalescence of demulsified droplets into larger droplets might occur. Furthermore, due to space limitations in offshore crude oil fields, use of electricity to breakdown w/o emulsions is not a practical approach.

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