Distribution of ABO Blood Groups and Rhesus Factor in  Derna, Libya

Salwa Muftah Eljamay; Hamida Esrafeil Elshalwi; Mohammed  Fouzi Aqabaeli; Allafi A. Alkarimi

doi:10.64516/4t8eyr07

Authors

Salwa Muftah Eljamay Collage of Medical Technology, Public Health Department, Derna , Libya Author
Hamida Esrafeil Elshalwi Collage of Medical Technology, Laboratory Medicine Department, Derna , Libya Author
Mohammed Fouzi Aqabaeli Collage of Medical Technology, Laboratory Medicine Department, Derna , Libya Author
Allafi A. Alkarimi Collage of Medical Technology, Laboratory Medicine Department, Derna, Libya Author

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.64516/4t8eyr07

Keywords:

ABO Blood Group, Rh Blood Group, Frequencies

Abstract

ABO and Rhesus (Rh) blood group antigens are hereditary characters and are useful in population genetic studies, in resolving medico-legal issues and more importantly for the immunologic safety of blood during transfusion. This study is aimed to determine the distribution pattern of the ABO and Rh blood groups among population in Derna city/ Libya and compare it with other data from similar studies within Libya and all over the world. It is a retrospective study, was conducted on 772 blood donors, people who attended different health centres and private laboratories at Derna city. The study period was from January 1st 2018 to April 31st 2019. The subjects of both genders (aged between 18-65 years) were analyzed. Information regarding medical history, ages, sex was also obtained. Blood group was determined by forward and reverse grouping by conventional tube method. The age group and sex of the subjects, frequency of ABO and Rh blood groups were reported in simple percentages. Overall blood group- O was the highest (39.50%) and the second most frequent ABO blood groups was A (28.24 %), while the AB blood group was the lowest (7.90 %). The prevalence of Rhesus positive and negative distribution in the studied population was 90.5% and 5.5% respectively. Blood group frequency with respect to ABO , Rhesus positive and Rhesus negative was found to be shown by formula O> A>B >AB. Knowledge of frequencies of the different blood groups is very important for blood banks and transfusion service policies that could contribute significantly to the National Health System.

References

1. Aird I, Bentall HH, Roberts JA. A relationship between cancer of stomach and the ABO blood groups. Br Med J. 2011;1(4814):799–801.

2. Al-Bustan S, El-Zawahri M, Al-Azmi D, Al-Bashir AA. Allele frequencies and molecular genotyping of the ABO blood group system in a Kuwaiti population. Int J Hematol. 2002;75(2):147–53.

3. Almoguera B, Shaked A, Keating BJ. Transplantation genetics: current status and prospects. Am J Transplant. 2014;14(4):764–78.

4. Bakare AA, Azeez MA, Agbolade JO. Gene frequencies of ABO and rhesus blood groups and haemoglobin variants in Ogbomosho, South-West Nigeria. Afr J Biotechnol. 2006;5:224–9.

5. Bangham J. Blood groups and human groups: collecting and calibrating genetic data after World War Two. Stud Hist Philos Biol Biomed Sci. 2014;47:74–86.

6. Bethesda DL. The Rh blood group. In: Blood Groups and Red Cell Antigens. Bethesda (MD): National Center for Biotechnology Information; 2005. p. 1–6.

7. Blaney K, Howard P. Basic and Applied Concepts of Blood Banking and Transfusion Practices. 3rd ed. St. Louis: Mosby Elsevier; 2013.

8. Dacie JV, Lewis SM. Practical haematology. In: Lewis SM, Bain BJ, Bates I, editors. 9th ed. London: Churchill Livingstone; 2001. p. 444–51.

9. Delaney M, Harris S, Haile A, Johnsen J, Teramura G, Nelson K. Red blood cell antigen genotype analysis for 9087 Asian, Asian American, and Native American blood donors. Transfusion. 2015;55:2369–75.

10. Firkin F, Chesterman C, Penington D, Rush B. Blood groups; blood transfusion; acquired immune deficiency syndrome. In: de Gruchy’s Clinical Hematology in Medical Practice. 5th ed. New Delhi: Oxford Univ. Press; 1989. p. 475–96.

11. Frye V, Caltabiano M, Kessler DA, Schaffler H, Reboza M, Hillyer CD, et al. Evaluating a program to increase blood donation among racial and ethnic minority communities in New York City. Transfusion. 2014;54:3061–7.

12. Garraty G, Dzik W, Issitt PD, Lubin DM, Reid ME, Zelinski T. Terminology for blood group antigens and genes—historical origins and guideline in the new millennium. Transfusion. 2000;40:477–89.

13. Gates MA, Wolpin BM, Cramer DW, Hankinson SE, Tworoger SS. ABO blood group and incidence of epithelial ovarian cancer. Int J Cancer. 2010;128(2):482–6.

14. Giri PA, Yadav S, Parhar GS, Phalke DB. Frequency of ABO and Rhesus blood groups: A study from a rural tertiary care teaching hospital in India. Int J Biol Med Res. 2011.

15. Hamed C, Bollahi M, Abdelhamid I, Mahmoud M, Ba B, Ghaber S, et al. Frequencies and ethnic distribution of ABO and Rh (D) blood groups in Mauritania: results of first nationwide study. Int J Immunogenet. 2012;39(2):151–4.

16. Hanania S, Hassawi D, Irshaid N. Allele frequency and molecular genotypes of ABO blood group system in Jordanian population. J Med Sci. 2007;7(1):51–8.

17. Harmening MD, Firestone D. The ABO blood group system. In: Harmening MN, editor. Modern Blood Banking and Transfusion Practices. 5th ed. Philadelphia: FA Davis; 2005. p. 108–32.

18. Hernandez-Fuentes MP, Franklin C, Rebollo-Mesa I. Long- and short-term outcomes in renal allografts with deceased donors: a large recipient and donor genome-wide association study. Am J Transplant. 2018.

19. Hosoi E. Biological and clinical aspects of ABO blood group system. J Med Invest. 2008;55(3–4):174–82.

20. Iyiola O, Igunnugbemi O, Bello O. Gene frequencies of ABO and Rh (D) blood group alleles in Lagos, South-West Nigeria. Egypt J Med Hum Genet. 2012;13(2):147–53.

21. Jolly JG. Medicolegal significance of human blood groups. J Indian Med Assoc. 2000;98(6):340–1.

22. Karafin MS, Field JJ, Gottschall JL, Denomme GA. Barriers to using molecularly typed minority red blood cell donors in support of chronically transfused adult patients with sickle cell disease. Transfusion. 2015;55:1399–406.

23. Kawakeb AO. Distribution of ABO blood groups and Resus Factor (RH) in Al-Bayda Libya. Quest J Med Dent Sci Res. 2016;3(9):28–31.

24. Khan MI, Micheal S, Akhtar F, Naveed A, Ahmed A, Qamar R. Association of ABO blood groups with glaucoma in the Pakistani population. Can J Ophthalmol. 2009;44(5):582–6.

25. Kim W, Kim Y, Chung S, Lee S, Kho H. Detection of ABH blood group antigens in the saliva of Koreans and their stability according to storage of saliva samples. Forensic Sci Int. 2002;129(1):58–63.

26. Lattimore S, Wickenden C, Brailsford SR. Blood donors in England and North Wales: demography and patterns of donation. Transfusion. 2015;55:91–9.